A wide range of models has been developed to study soil erosion and sediment yield processes, differing considerably in terms of their complexity, input requirements, process representation, spatial and temporal applicability, practical usability, and the type of outputs generated. This chapter review examines 15 physically based soil erosion and sediment yield models with respect to these aspects, highlighting their strengths and limitations. Existing literature generally points to the use of models such as SWAT, WEPP, AGNPS, ANSWERS, and SHETRAN for soil erosion and sediment investigations. While most models are capable of simulating soil detachment and sediment delivery at the hillslope scale, comparatively limited progress has been made in representing reservoir siltation and channel erosion processes. The study further provides guidelines to assist in the selection of appropriate models for specific applications or case studies. Future research should aim at enhancing the predictive capabilities of these models by integrating improved global web‑based weather databases, incorporating modules for simulating gully erosion and sediment‑linked water quality, and refining approaches to reservoir siltation and channel erosion simulation.