This chapter explores the impact of soil erosion on the environment, climate, ecology, and economy. It explains soil erosion process and causes with a focus on the role of natural forces such as rainfall, wind, slope, and soil characteristics and human activities such as deforestation, agriculture, mining, and urban development. It explores the widespread environmental consequences of soil erosion like loss of fertile topsoil, landscape transformation, desertification, and degradation of waterbodies due to sedimentation. It explains the bidirectional climate-erosion feedbacks focusing on soil carbon loss, greenhouse gas emissions, and the climatic amplification of drivers of erosion. It analyzes the ecological impacts of soil erosion, like disruption of soil microbial communities, fragmentation of habitats, loss of biodiversity, loss of resilience of ecosystem and economic impacts, like reduction in farm productivity, increase in input and infrastructure costs, fall of land values, and increased rural poverty. The chapter advocates integrated mitigation actions combining conservation agriculture, watershed management, technological innovation, firm policies, and people-oriented approaches. It stresses prevention over costly remediation and highlights future possibilities through upcoming technologies and policy structures to combat adverse effects of soil erosion. Lastly, the chapter asserts that soil protection is essential to the resilience of ecosystems, climate change mitigation, food and water security, and human livelihoods worldwide.