Personality Disorders: Borderline Personality Spectrum
摘要
Understanding personality disorders cannot be separated from a gender perspective. Gender stereotypes shape both the expression and perception of dysfunctional traits, leading to differences in presentation and diagnosis. In Cluster B, gender stereotypes are especially pronounced, particularly regarding emotional expression. It is no coincidence that these types of disorders are diagnosed more frequently in women and in people who do not conform to male heteronormative parameters. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) diagnosis has been “feminized” and that borderline personality disorder has become a new “female malady” for the late twentieth century. There has been an increasing recognition that the label “borderline” may function in the same way that “hysteria” did in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as a label for women. Traumatic experiences are often reported among individuals with BPD and frequently include multiple forms of traumatization such as physical or sexual; these stressful events can contribute to different burdensome symptoms (such as reexperiencing, avoidant behavior, and increased arousal) of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The prevalence of BPD is higher in the LGTBIQ+ community than in the general population. Several studies explore this issue, offering different explanations. One major factor is diagnostic bias, where gender expressions and sexual orientations that deviate from heteronormative norms are pathologized.