The energy sector’s pursuit of sustainability is fundamentally hindered by a critical governance gap: the frequent misalignment between corporate social responsibility (CSR) mandates, national regulatory frameworks, and the acute socio-environmental needs of host communities. This introductory chapter establishes the core problem this book addresses—the failure of siloed, top-down approaches to deliver equitable and ecologically resilient outcomes for populations living in energy project zones. It presents the book’s overarching solution: a novel, integrative governance model that reconceptualises CSR from a peripheral compliance activity into a central, strategic pillar of project planning and stakeholder diplomacy. The chapter meticulously outlines the purpose, scope, and interdisciplinary methodological approach of the work, which synthesises policy analysis, institutional economics, and socio-technical systems theory to bridge high-level sustainability discourse with on-the-ground implementation challenges. It highlights the volume’s distinct contribution to knowledge, notably its systematic integration of sustainability across energy subsectors and its focus on translating global frameworks into actionable strategies for developing economies. By previewing the book’s structure and explicitly detailing its practical implications for governments, corporations, communities, and international partners, this chapter provides the essential conceptual roadmap for building accountable, participatory, and sustainable governance systems in the energy sector.