Mountain temperate forests of northern Patagonia are dynamic ecosystems that play a crucial role in biodiversity conservation and the provision of ecosystem services. Despite increasing interest in sustainable management, substantial knowledge gaps remain regarding vegetation dynamics and plant succession in these landscapes. This chapter reviews current research and identifies understudied aspects of temperate forest ecology in Chile and Argentina, emphasizing how these gaps affect forest management and conservation. Most studies in the region focus on dominant tree species, particularly Nothofagus spp., while understory vegetation, epiphytes, and other non-tree components have received comparatively little attention. Empirical data on small-scale disturbances, long-term responses, and landscape-level processes are still scarce. Improved quantification of canopy gap frequency, size, and distribution is essential for understanding how natural disturbance regimes shape forest structure and composition. Large-scale disturbances such as wildfires and volcanic eruptions provide insights into succession and ecosystem reorganization, but limited long-term monitoring hampers understanding of recovery pathways and thresholds. Emerging pressures—including climate change and biological invasions—are likely to alter successional dynamics and ecosystem service provision. Paleoecological records and historical reconstructions can provide valuable long-term perspectives on vegetation dynamics and forest resilience, but their integration into management remains limited by methodological challenges. We argue for a more integrative and long-term perspective to guide ecosystem-based management in northern Patagonian temperate forests. Bridging ecological, silvicultural, and paleoecological approaches is critical to improving management under conditions of uncertainty and environmental change.