This chapter examines the interaction between Türkiye’s energy import dependency and its foreign policy. It explores how Türkiye’s energy needs and their implications for foreign policy have evolved across different historical contexts, focusing on continuities and changes in the conceptualization of energy and energy security. The chapter argues that energy security in Turkish foreign policy has been shaped both by the normative principles of foreign policy elites concerning dependence and interdependence, which defined the social purpose of energy security, and by the material interests embedded in Türkiye’s integration into the liberal international order and its regional and international engagements. The analysis covers four historical periods: from 1923 to 1960, marked by technical assistance to build and expand the Republic’s energy infrastructure; from 1960 to 1980, characterized by import-substitution industrialization policies; from 1980 to 2001, shaped by economic liberalization; and from 2002 to 2023, defined by the context of energy market reforms and the distortions caused by the JDP government’s political interventions. The chapter is structured into three sections. The first traces the continuities and changes in how energy has been conceptualized across these periods. The second examines how these evolving conceptualizations of energy and energy security have been influenced by major regional and international developments that constrained Türkiye’s foreign policy, particularly amid its growing energy needs and rising import dependency. This section highlights the challenges stemming from domestic energy market reforms, regional conflicts in energy-rich neighborhoods, and shifts in energy policy, especially since 2010, to explain how ideational forces defining the social purpose of energy dependence and interdependence and material interests have jointly shaped the role of energy in Türkiye’s foreign policy. The final section summarizes the key findings and the argument.