This chapter examines the evolution of Türkiye’s political economy in relation to its foreign policy, with particular emphasis on the neoliberal restructuring of the Turkish state and its critical partnership with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Spanning the period from the establishment of the Republic in 1923 to projections for 2025, the analysis highlights the post-1980 shift toward neoliberal policies, driven by internal economic challenges and external pressures. This transformation is analyzed through the lens of Türkiye’s engagements with the IMF, which played a crucial role in advancing neoliberal reforms through structural adjustment programs. The chapter argues that successive economic crises functioned as pivotal junctures, that political elites leveraged to entrench market-centric solutions and fundamentally reorient the state’s economic and diplomatic outlook. Employing a qualitative case study approach with process tracing, the chapter critically assesses the impact of these IMF-guided reforms on Türkiye’s economic stability and policymaking. The analysis extends to current dynamics, including President Erdoğan’s ‘unorthodox’ economic policies and the emergence of new dependencies on sources such as the Gulf capital, highlighting the coexistence of Türkiye’s assertive sovereignty rhetoric with persistent international financial dependence.