Climate change poses serious threats to global food securityGlobal food security by affecting all aspects of food systems, from agricultural productionAgricultural production to the food supply chainFood supply chains, in a multidimensional manner. This study addresses the vulnerabilities of climate change to basic production systemsProduction systems, including crop production, livestock, and fisheriesFisheries. It examines how extreme climate events, such as droughtsDroughts, floodsFloods, heat waves, and irregular rainfall, increase production risks and disrupt food supply chainsFood supply chains. It also addresses the socioeconomic consequences of these effects on rural communities and small-scale producers. The study explores the potential of sustainable approachesSustainable approaches, such as agroecology and climate-smart agricultureClimate-smart agriculture (CSA), in developing production systemsProduction systems that are resilient to climate change. In addition, the food securityFood security dimensions of climate change are analyzed in high-risk areas, including mountain regionsMountain regions, developing countriesDeveloping countries, and marine ecosystems. The findings highlight the need for comprehensive policy strategies that incorporate multi-stakeholder cooperation at both local and global levels, aligning with the Sustainable Development GoalsSustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this context, the study provides recommendations for developing a more resilient, equitable, and sustainable global food system.