This study stems from research that aims to deepen the understanding of European cities’ identities while proposing a vision—perhaps a “utopian” one—for the future, grounded in harmonious coexistence within holistic frameworks. Culture and ecology play a decisive role in revitalizing the potential of diverse communities and contexts, linking them globally for the benefit of humanity and the planet. The Fourth Industrial Revolution and its emerging technologies further reinforce this trajectory. Cultural and environmental policies must therefore integrate these new technologies while also being embedded within the concept of sustainable development—both as an autonomous pillar and as a cross-cutting contributor to its many dimensions. This book argues that achieving sustainability goals necessitates a profound cultural transformation, a paradigm shift that begins with a change in mindset. We propose that culture should occupy a central place in all policy domains if sustainability is to be achieved. Through a biocultural lens, we suggest that cultural perspectives are key to advancing urban development. Our core research question asks whether applying biocultural approaches to sustainability can simultaneously address inequalities—such as those of power, minority status, and gender—while also tackling urgent challenges related to climate change, adaptation, and sustainable growth. The argument is substantiated through empirical evidence drawn from the case study of the City of Ixelles.