The continuous evolution of analytical science, coupled with the global expansion of sports and forensic applications, has reshaped the role of toxicology in both legal and regulatory frameworks. The detection of drugs, poisons, and emerging psychoactive substances has moved beyond the confines of routine laboratory testing to become a multidisciplinary field that bridges chemistry, pharmacology, forensic medicine, and public health. As the world contends with increasingly sophisticated drug design and distribution, forensic and anti-doping laboratories must rise to the challenge of detecting, interpreting, and regulating these substances with scientific rigor and ethical responsibility. The book “Advanced Extraction Techniques for Drug and Toxin Detection: A Practical Guide to Sample Preparation in Forensic, Clinical, and Anti-Doping Analysis” was conceived to serve as both a scientific reference and a practical guide for professionals working at the interface of toxicology, forensic investigation, and doping control. It brings together the latest developments in sample extraction, chromatographic analysis, and mass spectrometric detection methods that reinforce the integrity of forensic evidences and the credibility of sports regulation.