Positioning Folk Tales from Oases of Pakistan in the Global Oral Heritage
摘要
The 169 folk tales from Gilgit-BaltistanGilgit-Baltistan and CholistanCholistan first published in this volume add substantially to the known body of literary folklore from Pakistan and beyond. As a seemingly ubiquitous element of humanity, tales move and mingle along with the communities in which they are passed on over time. Researchers have developed classification systems to take account of various epic genres, but also of common and recurring motifs. The tales presented here reflect the ethnic diversity of a remote region, in that the original texts have been narrated in six different languages: a majority in Shina and Urdu, some in Wakhi and Khowar, all four belonging to the group of Indo-European languages, but also in Balti, a Tibetan language, and three texts in Burushaski, a so-called isolated language that is not related to any other one. Many of the texts are accounts of encounters with supernaturalSupernatural beings, mostly jinnsJinn or fairies or they are tales of superstitious customs. Other texts are to be understood as etiological narratives, explanatory accounts, or tales of origin. This chapter analyzes the folk tales in the context of linguistic research, highlighting parallels and differences to oral heritage in other parts of the world, including Europe and the pioneering work of the Brothers Grimm.