The article deals with the problem of optimizing the resource and calendar planning (RCP) for construction of residential buildings under the conditions of growing demands to resources, time and cost of construction. Relevance of the study is due to increase of the housing construction volume in Russia, the challenges associated with a shortage of building materials and growth of their costs, as well as a shortage of qualified personnel. The purpose of the work is to develop a model for improving the RCP efficiency for construction of residential buildings, which allows balancing such optimization criteria as resources, time and cost. The proposed model includes the stages as follows: analysis of the accepted optimization criteria, their balancing, optimization of еру RCP and its implementation. As a result of the proposed model implementation, reduction in construction time and costs is achieved without loss of quality. The study demonstrates that optimization of the RCP is an important tool for improving the efficiency of planning the construction of residential buildings.