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Millimeter waves (mmW) represent a new frontier in the field of non-destructive testing (NDT) of materials, particularly for plant-based composite products. Positioned between visible light and radio frequencies, mmW offer excellent penetration capabilities comparable to X-rays, but without the associated health risks. Unlike conventional X-ray sources commonly used in industrial settings—which require expensive cooling systems and have a limited operational lifespan—millimeter-wave technologies provide a safe and sustainable alternative. However, the widespread adoption of this technology is currently hindered by the high cost of the required hardware and equipment. To date, mmW has been primarily employed in military applications, satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems, airport security scanners (body scanners), experimental dielectric measurements, and next-generation communication networks (5G and 6G), although the millimeter spectrum has yet to be fully implemented in the latter. Since 2016, Imal has established a dedicated research group focused on developing mmW-based solutions aimed at progressively replacing X-ray sources in quality control systems. The first results have already led to operational solutions, which are now being implemented in industrial plants equipped with advanced technologies.

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Use of Millimeter Waves for Non-destructive Quality Analysis During the Production Stages of Fiber-Based Panels

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Massimo Bergonzini,
  • Riccardo Centi,
  • Giuseppe Amico

摘要

Millimeter waves (mmW) represent a new frontier in the field of non-destructive testing (NDT) of materials, particularly for plant-based composite products. Positioned between visible light and radio frequencies, mmW offer excellent penetration capabilities comparable to X-rays, but without the associated health risks. Unlike conventional X-ray sources commonly used in industrial settings—which require expensive cooling systems and have a limited operational lifespan—millimeter-wave technologies provide a safe and sustainable alternative. However, the widespread adoption of this technology is currently hindered by the high cost of the required hardware and equipment. To date, mmW has been primarily employed in military applications, satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems, airport security scanners (body scanners), experimental dielectric measurements, and next-generation communication networks (5G and 6G), although the millimeter spectrum has yet to be fully implemented in the latter. Since 2016, Imal has established a dedicated research group focused on developing mmW-based solutions aimed at progressively replacing X-ray sources in quality control systems. The first results have already led to operational solutions, which are now being implemented in industrial plants equipped with advanced technologies.