Regenerated cellulose fiber (RCF), made using ionic liquids, is an environmentally friendly material with excellent mechanical properties and high desirable characteristics such as high biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, the raw material has been limited to wood pulp and cotton linter, where a large amount of wastewater is emitted during the purification of these raw materials. In this study, cellulose pulp obtained from softwoods (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don.), hardwoods (Betula platyphylla Sukaczev), bamboos (Phyllostachys edulis (Carriere) Houz.), and herbaceous plants (Andropogon virginicus L.) was dissolved in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIM[Cl]), and regenerated into fibers, and the fibers from different species were compared. Based on plant species, the chemical composition and structure of the cellulose pulp, viscosity of the cellulose dissolved in BMIM[Cl], and the properties and morphology of the resulting RCFs differed. The crystal structure of the RCFs comprised a mixture of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ cellulose due to the residual cellulose in the pulp-derived solution after mild purification. The regenerated fiber had practical properties. Among the four plant species, the fibers from the herbaceous group showed the best performance due to the high cellulose purity of the pulp and the highest degree of polymerization under the given dissolution conditions. The results confirm that RCF with high performance can be produced from low purity pulp by minor purification operations. These findings provide insight into the production of environmentally friendly materials with a reduced amount of waste liquid during purification.