Chains Unfolding and Unlacing for Modelling Double Network Soft Materials
摘要
Soft biomaterials, particularly hydrogels, are increasingly important in biomedical and tissue engineering due to their high water content, biocompatibility, and tunable mechanical properties. Hydrogels, valued for their ability to mimic the extracellular matrix, are widely applied in drug delivery, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. However, traditional single-network hydrogels lack the mechanical robustness required for more demanding applications. Recent advancements in double network (DN) hydrogels address these limitations by incorporating sacrificial bonds, which enhance energy dissipation and crack resistance. DN hydrogels are synthesized through a multi-step process that yields a composite of rigid and flexible polymer networks, balancing elasticity, toughness, and resilience. In this study, we develop a micromechanically motivated constitutive model to capture the unique mechanical behaviors of DN hydrogels. The model considers both chain unlacing and hard domain unfolding as key mechanisms of energy dissipation at the microscopic level. By averaging the response across macromolecular orientations, we predict the macroscopic mechanical response, highlighting the model’s potential for accurately describing the behavior of DN hydrogels in biomedical applications.