This chapter reviews the major types of stroke and related conditions, including ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, vascular malformations, aneurysms, amyloid angiopathy, and venous sinus thrombosis. Stroke is one of the most common and disabling neurologic diseases, and recognizing its many forms is essential for both clinical care and board preparation. The emphasis is on practical approaches to diagnosis, acute management, and secondary prevention. Special focus is given to anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy, including newer agents, and understanding when these treatments improve outcomes versus when they increase the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke care is a rapidly evolving field, with recent highlights including expanded indications and time windows for mechanical thrombectomy, advances in neuroimaging for patient selection, and updated approaches to intracerebral hemorrhage management. Equally important for exams is the recognition of classic neurologic syndromes and localization patterns such as MCA and PCA strokes, brainstem and lacunar presentations, and hallmark physical exam findings, since these remain high yield for both testing and clinical reasoning. Broader themes include stroke epidemiology, vascular risk factor control, and evolving treatment strategies such as mechanical thrombectomy and updated ICH care. The goal is to provide a clear, high-yield framework for diagnosing, localizing, and managing cerebrovascular disease, while highlighting the findings and decision points most often tested on boards.