Birds, as a diverse and widely distributed class of vertebrates, serve as a vital force in preserving ecological balance and sustaining biodiversity. Among avifauna, waterbirds represent a specialized ecological group adapted to aquatic and semi-aquatic environments. Waterbirds act as keystone species in wetland ecosystems. Birds are extremely responsive to the environmental shifts, which enables them valuable gauges of ecosystem health. Understanding the factors that influence bird diversity is essential for biodiversity conservation and the protection of wetland ecosystems. On a global scale, climate change and land-cover alterations are among the most significant stressors affecting biodiversity. These factors often interact, intensifying the consequences of diminishing and fragmented habitats on species numbers. However, most studies do not span a sufficient timeframe to comprehensively assess the long-term impacts of climate variation on waterbirds. This Chapter seeks to bridge this critical research gap by examining the multifaceted interaction driven by climate change, habitat dynamics, and the conservation of aquatic bird species. It emphasizes the urgent need for adaptive enforcement strategies and policy reforms. By advocating for climate-resilient conservation frameworks, the chapter aims to contribute to sustainable biodiversity management and the long-term protection of waterbirds in a rapidly changing world.