This chapter introduces central topics in the basic anatomical features of plant cells, tissues, organs, shoot, root systems, and their organization. It will then examine root systems facilitating water and mineral uptake, as well as the shoot systems involved in above-ground growth, including stems and leaves. Plant anatomy and morphology study the structure of plants, from cellular components to the whole-organismal level. At the cellular level, plants have unique structures such as plastids, which include chloroplasts for photosynthesis, chromoplasts for carotenoids, and amyloplasts for starch storage. Cells are organized into tissues, including dermal tissue for protection, vascular tissue (xylem and phloem transport), and ground tissue for storage and support. These tissues combine to form plant organs such as roots, stems, and leaves. The root system (taproots or fibrous roots) anchors plants, absorbs water and nutrients, and stores food, varying in structure. The shoot system, comprising stems and leaves, facilitates photosynthesis and reproduction. Stems provide structural support, transport nutrients, and water and can serve as storage organs. Leaves are the primary photosynthetic organs. Understanding plant anatomy is important for agriculture and biotechnology, helping strategies for crop improvement, management, and environmental sustainability.