This chapter explores plant biology research that combines diverse methodologies to explore plant genetics, physiology, and production. Research design involves hypothesis, controlled experiments, data collection, and databases. Bioinformatics is used to manage large-scale plant biological data and explore gene functions and pathway networks. Machine learning helps with pattern recognition and prediction in datasets. Gene editing (e.g., Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, CRISPR) uses genetic modifications to improve traits such as disease resistance and crop yield. Plant nutrition research helps optimize the uptake and use of nutrients for plant growth and yield. Together, plant biological research supports sustainable agriculture and future food security, especially under environmental stress conditions.