Elbow pain is a common clinical complaint, often resulting in significant morbidity, particularly in athletes. While radiographs, ultrasound, and CT contribute to diagnosis, MRI has emerged as the modality of choice for evaluating soft tissue, osseous, and chondral injuries due to its high spatial resolution, superior soft tissue contrast, and multiplanar imaging capabilities. MRI is particularly relevant in the setting of occult fractures, osteochondral lesions, overuse syndromes, and complex instability patterns, where other imaging modalities may be equivocal. This article provides an overview of the anatomy of the elbow and the imaging appearances of common elbow pathologies, with an emphasis on MRI, which will improve diagnostic accuracy, optimize treatment guidance, and contribute to better functional outcomes for patients.