The field of orthopedic shoulder and elbow arthroplasty is driven by recent innovations spanning numerous topics of interest. The objective of this study is to is to refer the latest research in medical literature and to summarize the novel advancement in the field to support clinical settings with practical application. The methodology of this study analyzed the specialized literature in the medical field and extracted the most recent research related to novel advances in orthopedic shoulder and elbow arthroplasty. The results reveal advanced practices in shoulder arthroplasty: evolving techniques and outcomes; reverse shoulder joint replacement advancements; fixation vs. arthroplasty in proximal humerus fractures; elbow arthroplasty infection; biomecanical considerations for rotator cuff repair; arthroscopy of the shoulder; advanced procedures for shoulder instability; elbow arthroplasty; acromioclavicular joint injuries. It was concluded that in shoulder arthroplasty patients without migration experienced improved shoulder elevation, higher satisfaction scores, and fewer radiolucent lines. In reverse shoulder joint replacements surgeons may opt for neutral or modest inferior tilt without significantly affecting the risk of notching. In proximal humerus fractures it is supported by the potential benefits of surgical reconstruction in all cases. During elbow arthroplasty the presence of cloud synovial fluid was the most predictive intraoperative finding. In rotator cuff repair the double-row repair may not be a cost-effective strategy in most cases. The Latarjet procedure for shoulder instability induces 6% infection rate and 10% incidence of nerve-related complications higher than previously reported. The Kudo implant in elbow arthroplasty is not recommended for hemiarthroplasty, particularly due to its questionable durability. In acromioclavicular joint injuries it is advisable conservative resection of the distal clavicle and caution against excessive removal of bone to help preserve horizontal stability.