The process of coal mining transforms the region’s hydrology since it affects the dynamics of groundwater through its dewatering system. This chapter highlights the relationship existing between the groundwater levels and dewatering processes in order to achieve groundwater sustainability. The dewatering activities in a coal basin are examined in relation to other phenomena such as groundwater table fluctuation, pollution dispersion, and ecosystem health through a combination of hydrological modelling and field research. This study suggests the need for accepting multifunctional, sensitive surface and groundwater resources, alongside an economical approach to coal mining with hydrological impacts. Finally, this chapter underwrites to the understanding of the latent effects of the dewatering processes on the groundwater. Here, the chapter deliberates the complication of groundwater dynamics in coal mining areas. Basic hydrogeological concepts are discussed followed by an examination of impact of mining on groundwater behaviour.