Transformational Wisdom of Wise Organizations and Wise Leaders: A Cross-Cultural Perspective
摘要
To envision a world with an equal place for all, wise organizations and wise leaders have immense power and resources to transform the world. A cross-cultural, mixed-methods study spanning nine countries was conducted in two phases to understand the characteristics of wise organizations and wise leaders. First, 60 semi-structured interviews and two focus group discussions were conducted with business leaders, subject matter experts, and consultants from the Eastern and Western parts of the world between March and October 2024. The semi-structured interviews were transcribed and analyzed using Grounded Theory Methodology (GTM). Second, organizations and leaders nominated as positive and negative exemplars of wisdom were selected for thirty short case studies conducted through secondary sources. The research found five core principles as a qualifying criterion for transformationally wise organizations and leaders. These principles are grounded in the ancient Hindu philosophical system and represented by the acronym ADAPT: (1) Artha (meaningful, long-term noble purpose), (2) Dharma (virtuousness, righteousness), (3) Ananda (joy, flourishing of all beings and planet), (4) Purna (realizing and acting in wholeness and completeness), and (5) Tattva (true essence, concretely practiced authenticity). A model of transformational wisdom was created to serve the practical needs of managers, practitioners, and business leaders, integrating the ADAPT principles with the four pillars of beneficence (be good, do good, prevent harm, and remove harm) to assist them in navigating the various phases that lead to becoming transformationally wise. The research findings bring cross-cultural perspectives, stories, and examples to enrich the evolving literature on transformational wisdom of organizations and leadership.