This paper examines the transformation of logistics in the context of Industry 5.0, with a focus on sustainability, human–technology collaboration, and adaptability. The study addresses a research gap by going beyond purely technological perspectives and considering the organisational and managerial implications of this new industrial paradigm. A comparative case study of three companies was conducted: Company A, a global manufacturer applying collaborative robotics and artificial intelligence; Company B, a logistics operator using augmented reality, autonomous mobile robots, and AI-based route optimisation; and Company C, a technology provider of additive manufacturing that enables decentralised and sustainable supply chains. The results show clear benefits, including higher productivity (up to 40%), energy savings (15%), faster deliveries (up to 75% reduction in lead time), and safer workplaces, while also demonstrating greater flexibility and resilience of logistics processes. These findings confirm that Industry 5.0 promotes not only operational efficiency but also more human-centred and sustainable logistics systems. The study contributes to the current debate by offering a practical framework that connects Industry 5.0 technologies with logistics strategies, providing useful insights for companies aiming to strengthen competitiveness and sustainability in future supply chains.