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Remanufacturing transforms End-of-Life (EOL) products into high-quality, sustainable alternatives, contributing to significant economic and environmental benefits. However, due to the unpredictable state of EOL products, remanufacturing remains a complex and uncertain process. Human–Robot Collaboration (HRC) offers a human-centric, flexible approach to address these challenges while enhancing operator’s overall well-being. This study proposes a methodology for designing and evaluating collaborative remanufacturing workstations by identifying optimal HRC scenarios for different tasks. Various production modes are assessed based on process quality, efficiency, and sustainability. A novel evaluation framework incorporating a Quality Index (QI) and a Sustainability Efficiency Index (SEI) is introduced to compare alternative workstation configurations. The approach is validated through a case study inspired by the household appliances industry, specifically focusing on domestic refrigerator disassembly for remanufacturing. The results highlight the superiority of HRC-based setups, demonstrating advantages over manual and fully automated processes in terms of quality, flexibility, ergonomics, and sustainability.

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A Methodology for Applying HRC on Remanufacturing Workstations: A Use Case from Household Appliances

  • 会议论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Dionisis Vallianatos,
  • Dimitrios Kaliakatsos-Georgopoulos,
  • Dimosthenis Dimosthenopoulos,
  • Christos Gkournelos,
  • George Michalos,
  • Sotiris Makris

摘要

Remanufacturing transforms End-of-Life (EOL) products into high-quality, sustainable alternatives, contributing to significant economic and environmental benefits. However, due to the unpredictable state of EOL products, remanufacturing remains a complex and uncertain process. Human–Robot Collaboration (HRC) offers a human-centric, flexible approach to address these challenges while enhancing operator’s overall well-being. This study proposes a methodology for designing and evaluating collaborative remanufacturing workstations by identifying optimal HRC scenarios for different tasks. Various production modes are assessed based on process quality, efficiency, and sustainability. A novel evaluation framework incorporating a Quality Index (QI) and a Sustainability Efficiency Index (SEI) is introduced to compare alternative workstation configurations. The approach is validated through a case study inspired by the household appliances industry, specifically focusing on domestic refrigerator disassembly for remanufacturing. The results highlight the superiority of HRC-based setups, demonstrating advantages over manual and fully automated processes in terms of quality, flexibility, ergonomics, and sustainability.