This study is based on a scientific analysis of 20,061 publications in the Scopus database (1944–2024) using the keywords “neurological” and “disorders.” The significant growth in scientific activity highlights the global interest in studying and addressing these complex conditions. The main objective of the study is to identify key trends and innovative methods that enhance the accuracy and timeliness of diagnosis, which in turn improves the prognosis for patients with neurological disorders at early stages. The mathematical processing of scientific publications was carried out using the SPSS software. A selection of research articles was made using the keywords “neurological” and “disorders,” resulting in 20,061 scientific publications that underwent statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to study the dynamics of publications by year, country, and organization. A comprehensive research analysis showed a significant increase in the number of scientific publications over recent decades, especially in fields such as medicine, engineering, and computer science. The greatest attention is paid to digital and technological methods such as neuroimaging, biomarkers, and artificial intelligence, demonstrating the importance of early diagnosis and the development of new treatment methods. The results of the study demonstrate a global emphasis on the early diagnosis of neurological diseases, despite existing challenges related to the accessibility and cost of innovative technologies.