Security in cloud computing environments is a complex and constantly evolving topic that encompasses technical, organizational and regulatory challenges. This systematic literature review analyzes key topics, including the shared responsibility model, security standards and certifications, and emerging trends such as artificial intelligence and edge computing security. The analysis highlights that the effectiveness of security in cloud environments depends on the clear definition and shared understanding of responsibilities between suppliers and customers, it also refers to the need for adaptive and multi-layered security strategies, combining practices such as identity and access management, encryption and continuous monitoring, although standards such as ISO/IEC 27001 offer a solid foundation, gaps remain in adapting to dynamic cloud environments. The integration of artificial intelligence and edge computing presents significant opportunities, but also complexities that require further research. Limitations have been identified such as ambiguity in the allocation of responsibilities, challenges in adapting standards and the technical requirements of emerging technologies. This review concludes that a multidimensional approach, which integrates technical and organizational measures, is essential to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of data. It also suggests that future work should investigate the creation of clear frameworks for formal contracts that define the responsibilities and expectations between service providers and customers, the adaptation of standards and empirical studies on the practical application of security strategies in different cloud computing scenarios.