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Historic unreinforced masonry (URM) structures, which are treasured for their cultural heritage and historical significance, are significantly vulnerable to seismic actions, presenting challenges for effective retrofitting that comply with stringent preservation requirements concerning their original aesthetics and materials. This study presents advanced finite element (FE) modeling techniques employed to model heritage URM walls retrofitted with an innovative, minimally invasive reinforcement method utilizing custom-designed, 3D-printed steel meshes embedded within the existing mortar joints of the walls. High-fidelity numerical models have been developed using a simplified micro-modeling approach, capturing the composite behavior of the masonry units, mortar joints, and 3D-printed steel reinforcement. The model parameters were calibrated against experimental data using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), enabling accurate replication of the force–displacement response and failure modes of the walls, as observed experimentally. A parametric study exploring alternative reinforcement geometries revealed that there is great potential to significantly reduce the reinforcing steel usage and intrusiveness, while retaining the enhancements in load-bearing capacity and ductility.

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Finite Element Modeling of Heritage Unreinforced Masonry Walls Retrofitted Using 3D-Printed Steel Reinforcement

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • A. Georgiou,
  • N. Hadjipantelis,
  • I. Ioannou,
  • O. Kontovourkis,
  • M. Mavros

摘要

Historic unreinforced masonry (URM) structures, which are treasured for their cultural heritage and historical significance, are significantly vulnerable to seismic actions, presenting challenges for effective retrofitting that comply with stringent preservation requirements concerning their original aesthetics and materials. This study presents advanced finite element (FE) modeling techniques employed to model heritage URM walls retrofitted with an innovative, minimally invasive reinforcement method utilizing custom-designed, 3D-printed steel meshes embedded within the existing mortar joints of the walls. High-fidelity numerical models have been developed using a simplified micro-modeling approach, capturing the composite behavior of the masonry units, mortar joints, and 3D-printed steel reinforcement. The model parameters were calibrated against experimental data using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), enabling accurate replication of the force–displacement response and failure modes of the walls, as observed experimentally. A parametric study exploring alternative reinforcement geometries revealed that there is great potential to significantly reduce the reinforcing steel usage and intrusiveness, while retaining the enhancements in load-bearing capacity and ductility.