Human Rights and Historical Satire Films: Reflecting on World War II Dehumanization Through Cinema and Humorous Lenses
摘要
Considering the challenges and limitations of institutional initiatives, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), this article examines the relevance of artistic approaches, including cinema and humor, in conveying meaningful messages on this subject. Moreover, taking into account the influence of World War II atrocities on this Declaration, three remarkable satires of the Holocaust and Nazi Germany are analyzed, contextualizing their time distance from the events. Firstly, the ground-breaking film The Great Dictator (released by Chaplin in 1940), as a humorous propaganda to confront the ongoing dehumanization perpetrated by Nazi-fascism. Then, the iconic Italian comedic fable Life is Beautiful (released by Benigni in 1997), in the context of the end of the Cold War, the institutionalization of the Holocaust remembrance, and the occurrence of new episodes of genocide. And the recent ludic historical satire Jojo Rabbit (released by Waititi in 2019), which was promoted as an “anti-hate satire,” and widely taken as a historical metaphor of the far-right resurgence in the twenty-first century. The criteria to assess the relevance of those films are: (1) the appeal for evoking relevant human rights issues; (2) the creativity to provide new perspectives; and (3) the capacity to trigger actions and social change. In conclusion, this article highlights the importance of exchange and collaboration between institutional and artistic perspectives.