Agroforestry systemsAgroforestry systems inAgroforestry arid regionsArid regions integrateArid regions trees with crops and livestock, offering a sustainable strategy to enhance farmers’ income while combating land degradationLand degradation. These systems leverage traditional practices to improve soil healthSoil health, increase resilience to climatic variability, and diversify revenue streams. In RajasthanRajasthan, covering 1.49 million hectares, agroforestryAgroforestry supports livelihoodsLivelihoods through products like timber, fruits, fodderFodder, and fuelwoodFuelwood. Key species, such as Prosopis cineraria, dominate, providing fodderFodder and soil enrichment despite challenges like declining tree density from intensive cultivation. Varying rainfall gradients (100–700 mm) shape diverse systems, from grass-shrub mixes in hyper-arid zonesArid zone to diversified tree-crop-livestock models in semi-arid areas. These systems mitigate desertificationDesertification, enhance biodiversityBiodiversity, and reduce economic risks by offering multiple income sources. However, challenges like fodderFodder deficits (27.16%) and soil degradationSoil degradation persist. Policy support, including subsidies, research on resilient species, and farmer training, is critical for scaling adoption. Agroforestry’sAgroforestry economic benefits includes, and market access for tree products. By integrating ecological and economic goals, agroforestryAgroforestry fosters sustainable livelihoodsSustainable livelihoods, ensuring income stability and environmental health in arid regionsArid regions.