Between Scandals, Transformation, and Power Struggles: The Contested Legacy of the 2018 and 2022 World Cup’s Awarding Process and FIFA’s Elusive Reforms
摘要
This article investigates the evolution of FIFA between 2010 and 2022, focusing on the controversial dual awarding of the World Cups to Russia and Qatar, the ensuing corruption scandal of 2015, and the organization’s subsequent reform efforts. The simultaneous selection of the two host nations in December 2010 symbolized FIFA’s strategic global expansion but also ignited widespread allegations of corruption and geopolitical manipulation. The scandal, culminating in the arrest of high-ranking officials and the resignation of President Sepp Blatter, revealed deeply entrenched structural deficiencies within FIFA’s governance. While the election of Gianni Infantino in 2016 introduced a series of governance reforms—such as term limits, the transformation of the Executive Committee into the Council, and enhanced compliance procedures—critics have largely dismissed these changes as superficial. The paper argues that FIFA’s centralization of power, particularly through the “One Federation, One Vote” system and the strategic allocation of development funds, sustains a patronage network that hinders meaningful institutional democratization. The article further highlights the limitations of existing control mechanisms and emphasizes the need for multi-actor governance to address persistent democratic deficits. Ultimately, it concludes that the awarding of the World Cups 2018 and 2022 remains emblematic of the tensions between global sport’s commercial interests, political influence, and calls for ethical accountability.