KaiMed is a modular AI platform designed to support adaptive clinical reasoning in complex decision-making scenarios. Unlike traditional Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS)—which are often static, narrow in scope, and specialty-specific—KaiMed integrates symbolic and sub-symbolic approaches into a unified architecture to enable scalable, explainable, and cross-specialty medical reasoning. The platform combines: (1) a clinically grounded knowledge graph derived from curated trials and peer-reviewed literature; (2) a semantic retrieval engine using vector embeddings to access unstructured scientific content; and (3) a multi-agent reasoning layer that coordinates specialized agents responsible for diagnosis, treatment, validation, and referral. Each agent operates within a transparent workflow supervised by a central agent, dynamically interacting with both the knowledge graph and the semantic index to enable hybrid, context-aware reasoning that mirrors expert decision-making. The system is evaluated in the domain of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), showing high scores in clarity, relevance, and perceived usefulness. Its performance across structured metrics (QAMAI, TDS, ACCS) surpasses direct LLM baselines, highlighting the benefits of agent coordination and knowledge-aware reasoning. Structured source attribution is implemented and being refined for improved traceability. KaiMed is actively being extended to new domains—including urology and chronic rhinosinusitis—leveraging shared ontologies and a unified architecture to support cross-domain discovery. Rather than replacing clinical expertise, KaiMed amplifies it—bridging fragmented knowledge, surfacing hidden connections, and supporting modular, transparent decision-making across medical specialties.

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KaiMed: A Hybrid Multi-Agent AI Platform for Clinical Reasoning and Cross-Specialty Discovery

  • Francesco Barbato,
  • Filippo Sorichetti,
  • Emanuele Ielo,
  • Lorenzo Megliola

摘要

KaiMed is a modular AI platform designed to support adaptive clinical reasoning in complex decision-making scenarios. Unlike traditional Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS)—which are often static, narrow in scope, and specialty-specific—KaiMed integrates symbolic and sub-symbolic approaches into a unified architecture to enable scalable, explainable, and cross-specialty medical reasoning. The platform combines: (1) a clinically grounded knowledge graph derived from curated trials and peer-reviewed literature; (2) a semantic retrieval engine using vector embeddings to access unstructured scientific content; and (3) a multi-agent reasoning layer that coordinates specialized agents responsible for diagnosis, treatment, validation, and referral. Each agent operates within a transparent workflow supervised by a central agent, dynamically interacting with both the knowledge graph and the semantic index to enable hybrid, context-aware reasoning that mirrors expert decision-making. The system is evaluated in the domain of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), showing high scores in clarity, relevance, and perceived usefulness. Its performance across structured metrics (QAMAI, TDS, ACCS) surpasses direct LLM baselines, highlighting the benefits of agent coordination and knowledge-aware reasoning. Structured source attribution is implemented and being refined for improved traceability. KaiMed is actively being extended to new domains—including urology and chronic rhinosinusitis—leveraging shared ontologies and a unified architecture to support cross-domain discovery. Rather than replacing clinical expertise, KaiMed amplifies it—bridging fragmented knowledge, surfacing hidden connections, and supporting modular, transparent decision-making across medical specialties.