This review study offers an in-depth investigation of the carbon dynamics in the mangroves of India by using carbon isotopes. Mangrove ecosystems (MEs) are highly productive because of their remarkable ability to sequester carbon and hence significant in climate change mitigation efforts. This paper concludes some of the findings from various important studies carried out in the Indian MEs, exploring the distribution of mangroves in India, their ecological importance, and the different technologies employed in carbon isotopic analysis. Several investigations were carried out to check the potential of Indian mangroves to store carbon, considering various environmental as well as anthropogenic factors influencing the rate of carbon sequestration. This review article also explores the implications of carbon dynamics for the approaches to mitigate climate change and adaptation to the same, further emphasizing the need for mangrove conservation and restoration. This study concludes that Indian mangroves are significant sinks of carbon that have an enormous potential to reduce the impacts of climate change through carbon sequestration. To direct future research in this domain, the current issues facing carbon isotopes have been highlighted along with some potential paths for further study.