Fast Unbiased Sampling of Networks with Given Expected Degrees and Strengths
摘要
The configuration model is a cornerstone of statistical assessment of network structure. While the Chung-Lu model is among the most widely used soft configuration models that preserve a prescribed degree sequence, it systematically oversamples edges between large-degree nodes, leading to inaccurate statistical conclusions. Although the maximum entropy principle offers unbiased configuration models, its high computational cost has hindered widespread adoption, making the Chung-Lu model an inaccurate yet persistently practical choice. Here, we propose fast and efficient sampling algorithms for the maximum-entropy-based models by adapting the Miller-Hagberg algorithm. Evaluation on 103 empirical networks demonstrates a 10–100 times speedup, making theoretically rigorous configuration models practical and contributing to a more accurate understanding of network structure.