Road ecology is thriving in Latin America, but many challenges arise. With a road network built mainly without the assessment of environmental impacts and many projects for road expansion that lack explicit quantitative economic justification, Latin America is facing a moment of an urgent need for science-based Road Ecology practices to be implemented. In this chapter, we describe the flourishing field of Road Ecology in Latin America, and we identify some key gaps related to policies and research. We summarize how we need to integrate science and decision-making at different levels to avoid, minimize, restore, and compensate for road impacts. Changes are needed in institutional practices so that road impacts and mitigation are considered at early stages of planning. To achieve incremental advances in road planning and mitigation, we need to invest in knowledge sharing and capacity building, and in the prioritization of the most critical locations for mitigation investments at regional scales. Collaboration and integration of researchers and practitioners on regional and continental networks should play a role in the advancement of Road Ecology in Latin America.