This paper presents a comprehensive review of the transformative potential of emerging technologies-namely Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and Big Data-in advancing sustainable development across multiple sectors. Rather than focusing on a specific case study or technical innovation, the review synthesizes current research and developments to highlight how AI enhances renewable energy systems through improved efficiency, grid management, and predictive maintenance. It further explores the convergence of AI and IoT, known as Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT), which is driving intelligent automation and optimized decision-making in industries such as agriculture, healthcare, and smart cities. The paper also critically examines the challenges to widespread adoption, including data privacy and security concerns, integration complexity, scalability issues, energy demands, and ethical and regulatory considerations. By providing an overview of these technologies’ capabilities and limitations, the review underscores the importance of transparent governance and collaborative frameworks to fully realize their potential for sustainable development.