The fourth industrial revolution is imposing major challenges on manufacturing organizations, affecting technological, organizational and managerial aspects all at once. The emergence of Industry 4.0, marked by advanced automation and the use of robots, is profoundly changing production processes, as well as relations within companies and with the workforce. These transformations go far beyond industry, directly influencing everyday life and the organization of work. However, despite the scale of this revolution in many regions, studies specifically addressing its impacts in the Maghreb, particularly on labor markets, manufacturing sectors and energy consumption, remain limited. The associated risks include technological unemployment, a redefinition of skills in the workforce, and a transformation of employment structures and industrial relations, all of which require immediate attention. This study seeks to analyze the potential effects of Industry 4.0 on the Maghreb region and assess its preparedness for these changes. A qualitative approach, based on case studies, was used, with in-depth interviews conducted with industry players to identify specific issues. In addition, a literature review was carried out to enrich the analysis and reinforce the reliability of the results. The aim of this method is to gain a better understanding of the challenges facing the Maghreb in the face of the technological revolution, and to formulate recommendations for improving the competitiveness of local industries.