Government procurement is a very important policy instrument to adjust economic and social development, while government green procurement (GGP) is an essential policy to promote environmental protection and resource conservation. This research takes 120 policy texts released at the central level as the samples for a textual analysis and found that Chinese government’s green procurement policy (GPP) has experienced three stages of development including initial exploration, rapid development, and steady improvement, and gradually realized its institutionalization. Institutionalized government’s GPP presents four characteristics as follows: (a) diversified policy-making departments, led by professional department of environmental protection and participated mainly by budget, approval, and comprehensive departments; (b) various policy types, covered mainly by laws but together with notices, opinions, decisions, and other types of policy; (c) broad policy fields, valued by both traditional fields and emerging fields; and (d) plenty of implementation instruments, not only combined with instruments of mandatory procurement, priority procurement, and prohibit procurement but also widely promoted by an instrument of policy pilot. Looking at the future, Chinese government should strive to improve its GPP in some respects, such as add more green procurement entities, adopt more policy instruments, and establish a supervision and review system, so as to achieve the “Double Carbon” Goals, to mobilize the high-quality development of economy and society and to take China’s responsibility for improving global environmental quality.