Nanozymes, nature-mimicking nanomaterials with enzyme-like catalytic properties, have recently gained attention as potential candidates for combination therapy in cancer. Their exceptional properties, such as high stability and low cost, as well as their easy modification, enable them to improve the performance of classical treatment strategies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapeutic approaches. Here, we summarize the advances in nanozyme technology and its combined use with cancer therapy in recent years. Since the structural and surface properties of nanozymes can be modified for optimized interaction within the tumor microenvironment (TME), their catalytic activity can be tailored. The variability of tumors and the harsh biochemical environment typically compromise the clinical effectiveness of standard therapies. Therefore, this dynamic resilience is crucial. In recent years, nanozymes with proven properties for ROS production, modulation of immune response, and enhancement of drug delivery have been shown to promote therapeutic efficacy. For example, nanozymes can also reverse the immunosuppressive environment in TME by degrading immunosuppressive molecules and stimulating the infiltration of antitumor immune cells. In combination therapies, nanozymes can serve as adjuvants that enhance the activities of already available therapies. They improve not only the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs but also their consistency at the site of administration due to lower systemic toxicity. For this reason, novel designs have been developed to better mimic the properties and functions of native enzymes, thereby increasing the therapeutic potential for examples of biomimetic nanozymes. Such smart nanozymes can show dynamic changes through specific recognition of TME, so that an improved and personalized treatment strategy can be achieved. Despite their great potential, nanozymes still need to be better optimized in terms of their performance and safety profiles. These challenges are simulated within design strategies and supported by biocompatibility assessments, which are currently common areas of research. Nanozyme-based therapies are promising agents for changing cancer treatment paradigms by combining them into multicomponent treatment regimens.