The authors describe the impact of Islamophobia on the mental health and wellbeing of the people of Palestine since the founding of the state of Israel. The historical context is described, including the evolution of Islamophobia as a particular expression of the phenomenon of Orientalism as explored by Edward Said, and the role of Islamophobia in the Western ambition to destabilize and colonize the Ottoman Empire. The current situation of genocide in Gaza is analyzed in terms of the use of Islamophobia to facilitate Israeli violence, to delegitimize the Palestinian response, and to influence global discourse on Palestine. Vignettes illustrate the impact of Islamophobia on the mental wellbeing of Palestinians from the perspective of individuals and of the community. Pathways of resilience and resistance within Palestine are suggested, as well as a global framework for mental health based on the principles of justice, public health, and human rights.