The chapter examines the currently ubiquitous becoming character of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI). The author uses previous implementation experiences from AI to elaborate what can happen with GenAI implementations [Mergel, I., Dickinson, H., Stenvall, J., & Gasco, M. Public Management Review, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2023.2231950 (2023); Heinisuo, E., Kuoppakangas, P., & Stenvall, J. Information Systems Frontiers. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-025-10599-x (2025)] as a proxy for potential issues based on a dialectical problem understanding embedded in Knowledge Integration itself. Mergel et al. set out a dedicated differentiation of different approaches to AI implementations, this paper takes a different approach. Continuing existing research [Krone, O. The interaction of Organisational Structure and Humans in Knowledge Integration. University of Lapland Printing Centre (2007)] into Knowledge Integration, the author suggests that a repetition of knowledge handling misunderstandings that are aggravated with GenAI outputs can be observed. For the analysis of GenAI outputs, the lens of McLuhan media theory is used, and these are contextualised with the Relational Paradigm [Wieland, J. Relational economics. A political economy. Springer Nature Switzerland AG (2020)] with the focus on the actual “negotiated” governance structures originating in the relationalisation of human-to-human and organisation-to-organisation interactions. Based on prior research on possibilities of replacing human decision-making through automated decision-making—or at least decision preparation—the author suggests using the transcultural competence [Wieland, J. Relational economics. A political economy. Springer Nature Switzerland AG (2020); Wieland, J. Transcultural competence and relational costs. In J. B. Montecinos, T. Grünfelder, & J. Wieland (Eds.), A relational view on cultural complexity. Implications for theory and practice (pp. 87–106). Springer Nature Switzerland AG (2023)] as one form of cold Knowledge Integration. Based on a paper [Krone, O., & Stenvall, J. Knowledge and Process Management (2025)], it was elaborated that cold Knowledge Integration is the operationalisation of the transcultural competence. The author employs cold Knowledge Integration as a lens to examine and perpetuate findings from Rossi et al. (2025) and Krone (The interaction of Organisational Structure and Humans in Knowledge Integration. University of Lapland Printing Centre, 2007), understanding the potential implications of using Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) as one form of Information System implementations in the Finnish public service.

The Conundrum of GenAI Created Outputs: Epistemological and Methodological Mitigations

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发表日期：

2026年

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Oliver Krone

摘要

The chapter examines the currently ubiquitous becoming character of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI). The author uses previous implementation experiences from AI to elaborate what can happen with GenAI implementations [Mergel, I., Dickinson, H., Stenvall, J., & Gasco, M. Public Management Review, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2023.2231950 (2023); Heinisuo, E., Kuoppakangas, P., & Stenvall, J. Information Systems Frontiers. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-025-10599-x (2025)] as a proxy for potential issues based on a dialectical problem understanding embedded in Knowledge Integration itself. Mergel et al. set out a dedicated differentiation of different approaches to AI implementations, this paper takes a different approach. Continuing existing research [Krone, O. The interaction of Organisational Structure and Humans in Knowledge Integration. University of Lapland Printing Centre (2007)] into Knowledge Integration, the author suggests that a repetition of knowledge handling misunderstandings that are aggravated with GenAI outputs can be observed. For the analysis of GenAI outputs, the lens of McLuhan media theory is used, and these are contextualised with the Relational Paradigm [Wieland, J. Relational economics. A political economy. Springer Nature Switzerland AG (2020)] with the focus on the actual “negotiated” governance structures originating in the relationalisation of human-to-human and organisation-to-organisation interactions. Based on prior research on possibilities of replacing human decision-making through automated decision-making—or at least decision preparation—the author suggests using the transcultural competence [Wieland, J. Relational economics. A political economy. Springer Nature Switzerland AG (2020); Wieland, J. Transcultural competence and relational costs. In J. B. Montecinos, T. Grünfelder, & J. Wieland (Eds.), A relational view on cultural complexity. Implications for theory and practice (pp. 87–106). Springer Nature Switzerland AG (2023)] as one form of cold Knowledge Integration. Based on a paper [Krone, O., & Stenvall, J. Knowledge and Process Management (2025)], it was elaborated that cold Knowledge Integration is the operationalisation of the transcultural competence. The author employs cold Knowledge Integration as a lens to examine and perpetuate findings from Rossi et al. (2025) and Krone (The interaction of Organisational Structure and Humans in Knowledge Integration. University of Lapland Printing Centre, 2007), understanding the potential implications of using Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) as one form of Information System implementations in the Finnish public service.