In South Africa, as in other countries that were colonised, landland has been a source of conflict since 1652. Indigenous communitiescommunities were not only dispossessed of their land by permanent European settlerspermanent European settlers as they commenced farming, mining and resource extraction, but also to make way for protected areasprotected areas. These practices created socio-political dynamicssocio-political dynamics related to land. The chapter reflect on the implications of socio-political dynamics on land and conservationland and conservation in Mapungubwe. The study found that socio-political dynamics have created inequalityinequality in terms of land distributionland distribution. Despite the land reformland reform programmeland reform programme, land injustices continue to trouble the majority of Indigenous peopleIndigenous people in the democratic South Africa. In Mapungubwe, socio-political dynamics are also playing out in conservationconservation, in that both land claimants and those who acquired property rightsproperty rights during the colonial and apartheidapartheid era are refusing to be part of nature conservationnature conservation projects. This emulates the politicspolitics of conservationpolitics of conservation by private landownersprivate landowners in the 1940s. The chapter concludes that in an era where more land is required to meet global conservation targetsglobal conservation targets, preparing the political background at local, provincial and national levels, as well as informing and involving local communitieslocal communities and private landowners, is key to the success of conservation projects.