Over the past four decades, transfrontier conservationconservation areastransfrontier conservation areas (TFCAs) have emerged as initiatives that have great capacity for biodiversity conservation, particularly in southern Africa. Conservation objectives for TFCAs include protecting internationally shared ecosystems, increasing habitat size for wildlife and re-establishing natural ecological systems that have been divided by administrative bordersborders. These objectives are to be achieved by integrating government, private and communal landcommunal land across the borders to create bioregions. However, unlike the approach taken in the setting up of transfrontier parkstransfrontier parks (TFP), it cannot be assumed that landland is available for creating TFCAs. On the contrary, the amalgamation of land to establish TFCAs is a social process influenced by disputes regarding land, powerpower and belongings. To advance the latter argument, the chapter employs theoretical insights derived from various bodies of work on bioregionalismbioregionalism to identify elements of bioregionalism that facilitate the establishment of TFCAs. The chapter found that private landownersprivate landowners (i.e. mining companies, irrigation and game farmers) and land claimants who also possess an interest in the land and its resources are not interested in being part of the TFCAs. These findings match the events in the 1940s when private landowners refused to allow their land to be incorporated into the Dongola Wildlife SanctuaryDongola Wildlife Sanctuary. Not only does this create tension between conservationists and private landowners, but it also challenges the concept of creating a borderless landscape and re-establishing seasonal migration routes of wildlife that were interrupted by human-imposed borders.