Hybridizing Beliefs in the Age of Secularization and the Search for Meaning on Social Media: The Case of the Dark Retreat
摘要
Religion has historically been a central component in humanity’s search for meaning, maintaining its presence despite evolving needs and expectations. Contrary to classical secularization theories, religion has not entirely lost its significance; however, institutional forms are increasingly met with skepticism. As the authority of institutional religion declines, alternative spiritual formations have emerged, especially within digital platforms, offering hybrid and individualized paths to meaning. These formations, often described as the secular ‘sacred,’ respond to the existential uncertainties of modern life—marked by rapid social change, economic crises, and future anxieties. Practices such as dark retreats exemplify this shift, aiming to facilitate inner transformation and self-discovery. Viewed as alternatives to traditional religion, such practices expand the possibilities for personal meaning-making. Online meditative spaces—featuring yoga, rituals, meditation, reiki, and retreats—serve as digital sanctuaries that support individual existence and promise a return to one’s essence. This study employs qualitative content analysis to examine the “dark retreat” yoga practice as presented by Çetin Çetintaş on YouTube, the Dark Retreat “Kaya Yalpa” documentary, and related online rituals. It explores how these digital spiritual practices construct alternative meaning frameworks and reflect the evolving landscape of post-secular spirituality.