Industry 5.0 is a concept that extends the advancements of past industrial revolutions, emphasizing the amalgamation of cutting-edge technologies with a focus on manufacturing that prioritizes humans and the circular economy. It foresees a future where technological advancements are utilized not solely for elevating efficiency and productivity, but also for tackling environmental and societal dilemmas. Circular economy and sustainability are significant factors in the Industry 5.0 framework, aiming to integrate industrial development with ecological and societal well-being. This study intends to conduct a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications pertaining to the circular economy and sustainability in Industry 5.0, utilizing the Scopus database provided by Elsevier, in order to know the evolution of the publications that relate these concepts. Thus, keywords related to these topics have been analyzed to determine the number of published papers, top authors, citations, leading journals, countries, and affiliations with the highest output. A network analysis using the R-based software “biblioshiny” revealed current research trends and interest in circular economy and sustainability in Industry 5.0. The analysis is expected to unveil the intellectual framework of these areas, emphasizing the significance of sustainable economic practices, efficient resource usage, and technological advances in Industry 5.0. Furthermore, a thematic map and trend topics highlighted crucial notions, including the transition to circular business models and the incorporation of cutting-edge technologies in Industry 5.0. The study aims to offer guidance for researchers in these domains, accentuating the capability of quantitative methods in apprehending these subjects.