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Smokeless tobacco (ST) that includes various products, such as snuff (moist or dry), chewable form of tobacco, dissolvable, conventional and newer forms, exhibit significant variation in chemical composition and manufacturing practices. Key factors such as nicotine, pH, moisture content, and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), particularly N′-nitrosonornicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, influence the pharmacological effects and carcinogenic potential of these products. Manufacturing, processing, and storage methods impact the chemical profile of ST products. The addition of buffering agents further modifies product pH and enhances the bioavailability of unprotonated nicotine which increases its absorption. Besides the known carcinogenic effects, STs can affect the teeth, periodontium, and other oral tissues. This chapter introduces the history, usage, manufacturing practices, and the chemical composition of various ST products.

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Description of Smokeless Tobacco Products, Their Chemical Composition, and Practices

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Karishma M. Desai,
  • Vinay K. Hazarey

摘要

Smokeless tobacco (ST) that includes various products, such as snuff (moist or dry), chewable form of tobacco, dissolvable, conventional and newer forms, exhibit significant variation in chemical composition and manufacturing practices. Key factors such as nicotine, pH, moisture content, and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), particularly N′-nitrosonornicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, influence the pharmacological effects and carcinogenic potential of these products. Manufacturing, processing, and storage methods impact the chemical profile of ST products. The addition of buffering agents further modifies product pH and enhances the bioavailability of unprotonated nicotine which increases its absorption. Besides the known carcinogenic effects, STs can affect the teeth, periodontium, and other oral tissues. This chapter introduces the history, usage, manufacturing practices, and the chemical composition of various ST products.