In the present study an analytical method for the determination of effective elastic moduli, piezoelectric and dielectric constants of layered piezocomposites made of viscoelastic and electroviscoelastic materials is considered. The proposed method combines the Voigt and Reuss homogenization hypotheses for mechanical and electrical variables with the Fourier integral transform applied to hereditary-type constitutive equations and the Gauss elimination procedure. The concept of complex moduli is used to modelling of the effective dissipative properties. In order to take into account frequency-dependent properties of electroviscoelastic composites their effective properties modelling was provided in the Fourier frequency domain, which allows to derive properties of materials directly in the analysis without their additional transformations. Numerical results including effective electromechanical properties and elastic loss factor for periodic piezoceramic reinforced epoxy composites are presented. The model predicted results were compared with various experimentally obtained data for 2–2 and 1–3 piezocomposites. Qualitative agreement for the model results with known experimental data is shown. Proposed model can be employed in analysis of passive and active vibration damping of viscoelastic and electroviscoelastic heterogeneous structural elements with frequency-dependent elastic and dielectric energy losses.