Development of Extended-Life Lance Tips: Symmetrical Cooling of Zones Behind the Nozzles
摘要
This research aims to design highly durable mechanical structures intended for delivering oxygen into the working cavity of 250-ton converters at the Dniprovsky Metallurgical Combine OJSC (Kamianske, Ukraine). Drawing on the performed industrial experiments, the hypothesis suggesting a notable extension in lance tip lifespan while providing symmetrical cooling to the behind-nozzle zones of their copper bowls was verified; this method’s significant efficiency was established for the first time. Two versions of the innovative lance tip design (protected by Ukrainian patent No. 40428) with six shortened Laval nozzles have been designed, which, owing to improved coolant distribution within them, made it possible to increase its life by 1.2 and 1.168 times compared to similar designs of 6-nozzle tips without guiding blades (characterized by a 2.33 times greater life compared to standard 5-nozzle tips), by 2.8 and 2.72 times compared to standard 5-nozzle tips. It was established that the external welding zones surrounding the Laval nozzles are the limiting link that does not allow achieving high life of welded lance tip designs. All of this supports the use of forged and stamped and/or solid-cast designs, which possess a significantly longer life – one that can be further extended through cooling of the behind-nozzle space. The results of experimental assessments of the effectiveness of various versions of the developed lance tip design, as presented in this study, indicate the potential for effectively addressing the issue of low life of this type of lance tip in operating converter shops.