The objective of this study is to propose a robust methodology for predicting the fatigue life of structural components subjected to cyclic tension–compression loading. The stress–strain distribution is determined using a coupled finite and boundary element approach, enabling accurate identification of critical high-stress regions where model cracks are introduced for subsequent analysis. Crack propagation is evaluated by computing stress intensity factors within a hypersingular integral equation framework. The proposed methodology is validated by benchmark problems involving flat cracks of elliptical and rectangular geometries, demonstrating both accuracy and effectiveness. The novelty of this research is in the application of hypersingular integral formulations to fatigue assessment in both simplified test cases and practical engineering problems, including a steam turbine blade. The results indicate that crack-free structures exhibit high resistance to cyclic loading, whereas the presence of cracks in stress-critical regions sufficiently reduces fatigue life. The cycles number to failure is quantified for the cracked turbine blade, providing a reliable computational tool for evaluating the residual life of structural components under cyclic loading conditions.