Over the last few decades, there has been one clear tendency in modern society, and it is an increased interest over environmental concerns, sustainable development, and balanced, healthy nutrition. Among the mechanisms that contribute to these priorities is the system of geographical indications, which serves not only to authenticate the provenance of products but also to preserve traditional methods of production and local heritage by codifying specific production techniques and ingredient standards. Geographical indications thus offer a dual benefit: they safeguard cultural heritage and have a huge potential to support sustainable development. Traditional methods of production are often inherently sustainable, relying on localized resources and environmentally friendly practices. Moreover, the sui generis system of protection of geographical indications can promote the development and adoption of new, mandatory sustainable practices among all producers within a registered product name. In fact, the system of geographical indications is characterized most prominently by codified production practices that all producers are required to follow. Recognizing this potential, the European Union has taken several steps to integrate sustainability objectives into its legal framework on geographical indications. A notable development was the amendment of Regulation No 1151/2012 in 2021, which explicitly introduced sustainability as a component of the legal framework for the protection of geographical indications of agricultural and food products. This chapter aims to assess the actual impact of these legislative and policy changes by analysing the inclusion of sustainability-related elements in product specifications and single documents. It examines data from a comparative five-year period before and after the 2021 amendment. While the legislative intent was clear—to increase the representation of sustainability within product specifications—analysis indicates that this goal has not been adequately realized in practice. The findings indicate that despite the formal inclusion of sustainability as a policy objective, its implementation remains insufficient. Therefore, it is recommended that further, more robust measures be urgently introduced within the regulatory and policy framework to enhance the effectiveness of sustainability promotion in the context of geographical indications.